Criminalists play a vital role in solving crimes by analyzing physical evidence in laboratories and providing critical insights during investigations. If you’re fascinated by forensic science, have a keen eye for detail, and want to make a real impact in the justice system, a career as a criminalist might be the perfect fit. Here’s a clear step-by-step guide to help you understand what it takes to enter this fascinating field.

What Does a Criminalist Really Do?

A criminalist is a forensic science professional who analyzes physical evidence collected from crime scenes to help solve criminal cases. Their primary workplace is a laboratory, not the actual crime scene, though they often collaborate closely with detectives, crime scene investigators, and legal teams.

Here’s a deeper look at what a criminalist actually does:

• Evidence Analysis: Criminalists examine a wide variety of physical evidence, including hair, blood, fibers, gunshot residue, fingerprints, glass, and bodily fluids. They use advanced tools such as microscopes, gas chromatographs, and DNA sequencers to analyze these items and determine how they relate to the crime.
• Scientific Testing: Criminalists apply chemistry, biology, and physics to conduct precise lab tests. For example, they may compare bullet markings to identify a firearm or analyze blood spatter patterns to determine the angle of an attack.
• Documentation and Reporting: Every analysis must be meticulously documented. Criminalists write detailed lab reports outlining the procedures used and their findings. These reports must be clear, objective, and suitable for presentation in legal proceedings.
• Courtroom Testimony: In many cases, criminalists are called to testify as expert witnesses in court. They explain their findings to judges and juries, often translating complex scientific results into understandable language. Their testimony can be crucial in determining guilt or innocence.
• Quality Control and Peer Review: Because the stakes are so high, criminalists follow strict protocols for evidence handling and lab procedures. Peers often review their work to ensure accuracy, reliability, and compliance with legal standards.
• Collaboration: Criminalists work alongside law enforcement, attorneys, forensic pathologists, and other forensic specialists. Their ability to communicate findings clearly and work as part of an investigative team is critical.

Key Takeaway:Criminalists are behind-the-scenes scientific experts whose careful analysis of evidence can make or break a case. Their work blends hard science with justice, helping law enforcement turn physical traces into powerful legal proof.

What Degree Do You Need to Become a Criminalist?

To start a career as a criminalist, you’ll typically need at least a bachelor’s degree in a science-related field. The most common and relevant majors include:

• Forensic Science
• Biology
• Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Criminal Justice with a forensic science focus

A strong foundation in laboratory sciences is essential, as much of a criminalist’s job revolves around analyzing evidence using scientific techniques. Courses in organic chemistry, molecular biology, toxicology, and criminal law are particularly valuable.

Some universities offer specialized forensic science programs accredited by organizations like the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission (FEPAC), which can give graduates an edge when applying for jobs.

Criminalistics may be beneficial or even required by some employers for more advanced roles or specializations (e.g., DNA analysis, toxicology).

Key Takeaway:A science-focused bachelor’s degree is the minimum requirement, but choosing a program with hands-on lab training and forensic coursework will better prepare you for a successful career as a criminalist.

How to Gain Experience While You’re Still in School

Getting hands-on experience during college is a crucial step toward becoming a successful criminalist. While a degree provides the academic foundation, real-world practice shows employers that you’re ready to work in the lab and handle evidence responsibly.

Here are some effective ways to build that experience as a student:

• Intern in forensic labs or with law enforcement agencies: Many public and private labs offer internships to students in forensic science, chemistry, or biology programs. These internships expose you to real casework, lab procedures, and evidence-handling protocols.
• Apply for work-study or research assistant roles: Colleges often have lab-based research opportunities where students can assist with experiments, data analysis, or technical lab tasks. This hands-on lab time is directly transferable to criminalist roles.
• Join forensic science or criminal justice student organizations: These clubs often host mock crime scenes, forensic competitions, guest speaker events, and networking opportunities. They also show initiative and interest in your resume.
• Attend forensic science workshops and conferences: Events hosted by professional organizations like the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) offer students access to expert talks, current research, and networking with people in the field.
• Take online courses or certifications in forensic specialties: Supplement your education with online learning in topics like toxicology, DNA analysis, or forensic chemistry. It’s a great way to broaden your knowledge base and show dedication to the field.

Key Takeaway:Early involvement in lab work, student clubs, and internships not only helps you develop your talents but also makes you stand out in a crowded field. Real-world experience is what turns academic knowledge into career-ready expertise.

What Are the Key Steps After Graduation?

Graduating with a relevant degree is a major milestone, but your journey to becoming a fully qualified criminalist continues well beyond that. Here’s a detailed look at the important steps you’ll need to take after finishing school to launch your career and grow in the field:

• Apply for Entry-Level Positions: Most criminalists start in roles like forensic laboratory technician, evidence technician, or forensic analyst. These positions give you hands-on experience working with evidence, running tests, and supporting senior criminalists. Public sector labs, law enforcement agencies, and government crime labs are common employers.
• Pursue Certification: While not always mandatory, obtaining certification can significantly boost your credibility and career prospects. Organizations such as the American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) offer certifications that demonstrate your professional competence. Certification usually requires a combination of education, work experience, and passing a rigorous exam.
• Complete On-the-Job Training: Many agencies provide specialized training to new hires, focusing on their specific lab techniques, quality control procedures, and legal requirements. This training is critical to ensuring your work meets forensic standards and is admissible in court.
• Continue Your Education and Professional Development: The field of forensic science is always evolving with new technologies and methodologies. Staying current by attending workshops, taking refresher courses, and joining professional associations like the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) is important for career growth. Some criminalists choose to pursue a master’s degree or specialized certifications to advance into supervisory or specialized roles.
• Build a Professional Network: Networking with colleagues, mentors, and industry professionals through conferences, forensic science associations, or online platforms like LinkedIn can open doors to job opportunities and collaborations. Strong professional relationships also provide support and resources throughout your career.
• Consider Specialization: As you get more experience, you may discover that a certain branch of forensic science—such as digital forensics, toxicology, DNA analysis, or guns examination—interests you. Specializing can make you an expert in a high-demand niche and may lead to higher pay and leadership roles.

Key Takeaway:Graduation is just the start—landing your first job, earning certification, ongoing training, and networking are essential steps to build a rewarding and successful career as a criminalist.

What Is the Job Outlook and Salary for Criminalists?

The field of criminalistics offers promising career prospects, with strong demand and competitive compensation.

Job Outlook

Employment for forensic science technicians, including criminalists, is predicted to grow by 14% between 2023 and 2033. The need to replace employees leaving the field, the growing dependence on scientific evidence in criminal investigations, and improvements in forensic technology are the main drivers of this rise.

Salary Expectations

In the United States, a criminalist makes, on average, $75,132 per year as of 2025. The range typically ranges between $46,000 and $151,000, depending on experience, education, and location.

Salary by Experience Level:

• Entry-Level (0–1 year): Around $48,000 annually
• Early Career (1–4 years): Approximately $73,573 per year
• Mid Career (5–9 years): About $79,000 annually
• Experienced (10+ years): Can earn up to $127,000 or more per year

Top-Paying States:

• California: $98,400 average annual salary
• Illinois: $95,750
• Connecticut: $82,620
• New York: $82,610
• Massachusetts: $82,520

Top-Paying Sectors:

• Federal Government: Mean annual wage of $119,630
• State Government: Mean annual wage of $69,540
• Local Government: Mean annual wage of $73,860

Key Takeaway:Criminalistics is a dynamic and rewarding field with a strong job outlook and competitive salaries. Advancing your education, gaining specialized certifications, and accumulating experience can further enhance your career prospects and earning potential.

FAQs

Do I need a master’s degree to become a criminalist?

No, most entry-level roles require only a bachelor’s degree, but a master’s can be helpful for advancement.

What’s the difference between a criminalist and a forensic scientist?

Criminalists are a type of forensic scientist who specifically analyzes physical evidence, while forensic science includes broader roles like pathology or digital forensics.

Can I become a criminalist with a criminal justice degree?

Yes, as long as your program includes strong coursework in science and lab work.

How long does it take to become a criminalist?

Typically 4–6 years, including education and initial job training.

Is being a criminalist dangerous?

While they rarely work at crime scenes, criminalists do handle potentially hazardous materials in labs, so proper training and safety protocols are essential.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) – Education, certification, and career info
• American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) – Certification info and resources
• Crime Scene Investigator Network – Job boards and career guidance

Conclusion

Becoming a criminalist combines a love for science with a commitment to justice. With the right education, practical experience, and drive to keep learning, you can step into a meaningful career where your work can help solve crimes and bring closure to victims and families.